AXIAL SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON

I. Bone markings

A. Definitions

B. Processes

1. Condyle

2. Head
3. Facet
4. Tubercle
5. Tuberosity
6. Trochanter
7. Crest
8. Line
9. Spine
10. Epicondyle

II. Axial Skeleton

A. Skull

1. Cranial bones (8) a. Frontal b. Parietal (2) c. Temporal (2) d. Sphenoid e. Ethmoid f. Occiptial
2. Facial bones(14) a. Nasal (2) b. Maxilla (2) c. Zygomatic (2) d. Mandible e. Lacrimal (2) f. Palatine (2) g. Inferior nasal conchae (2) h. Vomer
3. Sutures a. Coronal b. Sagittal c. Lambdoidal d. Squamosal

B. Cranial Bone Markings

1. Frontal a. Orbits
2. Temporal a. Zygomatic process & arch b. Mandibular fossa c. Mastoid process d. External auditory meatus e. Styloid process
3. Occipital a. Foramen magnum b. Occipital condyles c. Superior and Inferior nuchal lines d. External occipital protuberance

C. Facial Bone Markings

1. Zygomatic

a. Temporal process & Zygomatic Arch

2. Mandible

D. Vertebral Column

1. Vertebrae a. Cervical (7) b. Thoracic (12) c. Lumbar (5) d. Sacral (5) e. Coccyx (4)
2. Intervertebral foramen
3. Intervertebral discs

E. Vertebrae Markings

1. Typical vertebra a. Body b. Vertebral or Neural Arch c. Pedicle d. Lamina e. Vertebral foramen i. Spinal canal f. Intervertebral foramen g. Transverse process h. Spinous process i. Superior articular process j. Inferior articular process k. Facets i. Transverse Costal ii. Superior Costal iii. Superior Articular iv. Inferior Articular
2. Cervical a. Transverse foramen b. Atlas i. No body ii. No spinous process c. Axis i. Dens (odontoid process)
3. Thoracic a. rib facets/demifacets
4. Lumbar
5. Sacrum
6. Coccyx
7. Curvatures a. Thoracic b. Lumbar c. Cervical d. Sacral

F. Sternum

G. Ribs