outneuro

OUTLINE -- NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEMS

I. Terminology

A. Attachments

B. Origin/Insertion

II. Muscle Structure

A. Role of Skeletal Muscle

B. Properties of Skeletal Muscle

1. Excitability

2. Conductivity

3. Contractility

4. Extensibility

5. Elasticity

C. Muscle Structure

1. Whole muscle

2. Fascicles

3. Myofibers

4. Connective Tissues

D. Myofiber Structure (Review)

1. Membrane

2. Organelles

a. Myofibrils

b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

c. Transverse tubules

d. Nuclei

e. Mitochondria

E. Myofibril Arrangement

1. Thick myofilaments

a. myosin

b. titin

2. Thin myofilaments

a. actin

b. troponin

c. tropomyosin

3. Spatial orientation

a. Cross-Sectional

b. Longitudinal

i. Sarcomere

F. Sarcomere Structure (review)

1. Z bands (lines)

2. I band

3. A band

4. H zone

5. M band

III. Excitation/Contraction Coupling (review)

IV. Muscle Fiber Types

A. ATPase Classification

1. Type I

2. Type IIa

3. Type IIb

B. Other Enzymes

1. SO

2. FOG

3. FG

C. Twitch Characteristics

D. Tetanus Characteristics

V. Nervous System Structure

A. Neurons

1. Sensory

2. Motor

B. Spinal Nerve Arrangement

1. Spinal Cord

2. Intravertebral

3. Extravertebral

C. Spinal Nerves

D. Plexuses

1. Cervical

2. Brachial

3. Lumbar

4. Sacral

E. Other efferent neurons

VI. Muscular Control

A. Motor Units

1. All or None Principle

2. Types

a. S

b. FR

c. FF

3. Twitch Characteristics

4. Tetanus Characteristics

VII. Regulation of Muscle Tension/Force

A. Neural Factors

1. Recruitment

a. Size Principle

2. Discharge Rate - Frequency

3. Discharge Pattern - Synchrony

B. Muscular Factors

1. Muscle Mechanics

a. Length-Tension Relationship

b. Force-Velocity Relationship

c. Stretch-Shortening Phenomenon

2. Muscle Architecture

a. Pennation

b. Non-pennate arrangements

i. Longitudinal

ii. Triangular

iii. Quadrate

iv. Fusiform

c. Pennate arrangements

i. Unipennate

ii. Bipennate

iii. Multipennate

d. Functional (Physiologic) Cross-Sectional Area